STYLE IN WRITTEN ENGLISH

1.  Redundancy ialah penggunaan kata-kata lebih banyak daripada yang diperlukan untuk menyatakan satu pikiran atau gagasan. Bila kata yang tidak diperlukan itu ditiadakan, arti kalimat tidak berubah. Bentuk redundancy meliputi tautologi, pleonasme, prolixity, sirkumlokusi, repetisi. Secara praktis istilah tautologi dan pleonasme disamakan saja, namun ada yang ingin membedakannya. Begitu juga dengan prolixity, dalam penggunaannya sering dianggap bersinonim dengan tautologi.

Contoh :

A.      Tautologi (tautology)

     Contoh tautologi:

    ”bonus tambahan ekstra” , ”hadiah cuma-cuma” , ”sejarah masa lalu”.

B.  Pleonasme

     Contoh:

     Darah yang merah itu melumuri seluruh tubuhnya.

     Darah melumuri seluruh tubuhnya.

C.  Prolixity

    Contoh:

    Anggur (wine) dideskripsikan secara berlebihan dengan frasa: minuman dewa yang

    sangat lezat ("a nectarian beverage")

    Contoh:

    Ia tersenyum dengan bibirnya.

    Saat subuh pagi itu, ia menunaikan salat. Saat senja sore harinya, ia pergi ke masjid

    untuk salat magrib.

D. Sirkumlokusi (Circumlocution)

    Contoh:

    Psikolog adalah seorang yang memiliki profesi dalam bidang psikologi.

E. Repetisi

    Repetisi adalah perulangan bunyi, suku kata, kata atau bagian kalimat.

    Contoh:

    Ia adalah seorang pelajar yang mempelajari bidangnya dengan tekun. 

2. Pronoun-antecedent agreement merupakan persesuaian antara pronoun dengan antecedent dalam hal number, person, dan gender.

Contoh :

You should take off your shoes there.

They took off their shoes there.

  
3.Question Tags (Pertanyaan Tegas) adalah suatu pertanyaan  pendek di akhir kalimat pernyataan yang berfungsi untuk mempertegas pernyataan yang bersangkutan.

Contoh :

 He is a lawyer, isn’t he?

You are not funny, are you?

 Rina isn’t here, is she?

 

4.  Participial adjective adalah adjective (kata sifat) yang berbentuk V+ing (Present

   Participle) dan V+ed (Past Participle).

             Contoh :

The girl is entertained. Girl merasa “terhibur”. The show is entertaining.

I am interested. He is interesting.

 

5.  Inderect object mengidentifikasikan untuk siapa tindakan tersebut dibuat. Direct

         object dan inderect object adalah orang, tempat, atau sesuatu yang berbeda. Direct object dalam kalimat berikut ini adalah yang dicetak tebal. Indirect onject yang bercetak miring.

Contoh :

The teacher gave his students A’s.

Father left Rosalita and Raoul all his money.

Jo-Bob sold me her boat.

PASSIVE VOICE

PASSIVE VOICE

1.       Once a month, conte brings the team to the beach (simple present)

2.       Ali is writting a letter right now  (present continous)

3.       Gio repaired the computer which is located in the living room (simple past)

4.       The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store (past continous)

5.       Many basketball players have trained that king of dribble style (future perfect)

6.       Otong and vicky had repared many cars before they received their mechanic license (past perfect)

7.       Chef ferrara will finish the dish by 05.00 p.m (simple future)

8.       Burger kill will be performing a son entitled “tiga titik hitam” on song the stage at 08.00 p.m (future continous)

9.       They will have completed the project before the deadline (future perfect)

10.   The load guitarst of flash god apocalypse smashedhis guitar in their last concert (simple present)

 

	AKTIVE	PASSIVE	AKTIVE	PASSIVE
SIMPLE PRESENT	S + V (s/es) + O	S + to be + V3 + O	Marry helps John	John is helped by marry
SIMPLE PAST	S + V2	S + was/were + V3	Marry helped john	John was helped by marry
SIMPLE FUTURE (will)	S + will/shall + V1	S + will/shall + be + V3	Marry will help john	John will be helped by marry
PRESENT CONTINOUS	S + am/is/are + V-ing	S + am/is/are + being + V3	Marry is helping john	John is being helped by marry
PAST CONTINOUS	S + was/were + V-ing	S + was/were + being + V3	Marry was helping john	John as being helped by marry
FUTURE CONTINOUS	S + will/shall + be + V-ing	S + will/shall + be + being + V3	Marry will be helping John	John will be being helped by Marry
PRESENT PERFECT	S + have/has + been + V-ing	S + have/has + been + being + V3	Marry has helped john	John has been helped by marry
PAST PERFECT	S + had +V3	S + had + been + V3	Marry had helped john	John had been helped by marry
FUTURE PERFECT	S + will + have +V-ing	S + will + have + been + being + V3	Marry will have helped john	John will have been helped by marry